Efficacy

Edaravone (Daiichi Sankyo) and Its Efficacy in ALS

Edaravone, marketed by Daiichi Sankyo, is a medication that has been approved for the treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The efficacy of Edaravone in the treatment of ALS is based on its antioxidant properties, which are believed to help neutralize free radicals, potentially slowing the oxidative stress that contributes to the neuronal cell death characteristic of the condition. Clinical trials have demonstrated that Edaravone can modestly slow the decline of physical function in patients with ALS, particularly when started in the early stages of the disease.

The pivotal trial leading to Edaravone's approval showed a smaller decline in the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score in patients treated with Edaravone compared to those receiving a placebo. However, it is important to note that the benefits observed were modest, and not all patients may respond to the treatment. The specific subpopulation of ALS patients that might benefit the most from Edaravone therapy is still under investigation, and the medication is generally considered as one part of a multifaceted approach to managing ALS.

Riluzole (Rilutek) and Its Efficacy in ALS

Riluzole, sold under the brand name Rilutek among others, is another medication that has been approved for the treatment of ALS. Riluzole's mechanism of action is believed to involve the inhibition of glutamate release, which in excess can be toxic to nerve cells. By modulating glutamatergic signaling, Riluzole may help to protect neurons from the excitotoxicity thought to play a role in ALS progression.

Studies on Riluzole have shown that it can extend survival in people with ALS by several months, and it may also delay the need for mechanical ventilation. The efficacy of Riluzole in improving functional measures such as muscle strength and lung function is less clear, with some studies showing minimal to no effect on these outcomes. Despite this, Riluzole remains one of the few treatments that have been shown to have a positive impact on survival in ALS and is commonly prescribed as part of the standard care for patients with this condition.